Menu Permissions

This page shows a Spring Boot example that uses jCasbin for menu-based access control. The same pattern (policy + role assignments + menu hierarchy) can be applied in other languages supported by Casbin.

1. Configuration

Define role–menu permissions, user–role assignments, and menu hierarchy in policy.csv. Full example: jCasbin menu permission.

1.1 Gambaran Keseluruhan

The policy file defines: (1) which roles can access which menu items, (2) which users have which roles, and (3) parent–child relationships between menu items. Together this gives role-based, hierarchical menu visibility.

1.2 Permission rules (p)

Lines starting with p define whether a role (sub) may perform an action (act) on a menu item (obj). The effect (eft) is allow or deny.

Contoh:

p, ROLE_ROOT, SystemMenu, read, allow grants ROLE_ROOT read access to SystemMenu.
p, ROLE_ROOT, UserMenu, read, deny denies ROLE_ROOT read access to UserMenu.

1.3 User–role assignments (g)

Lines starting with g assign users to roles and define role inheritance. Users get the union of permissions from all their roles.

Contoh:

g, user, ROLE_USER assigns the user named user to ROLE_USER.
g, ROLE_ADMIN, ROLE_USER makes ROLE_ADMIN inherit all permissions from ROLE_USER.

Lines starting with g2 define parent–child menu structure.

Contoh:

g2, UserSubMenu_allow, UserMenu makes UserSubMenu_allow a child of UserMenu.
g2, (NULL), SystemMenu marks SystemMenu as a top-level menu with no parent.

If a parent menu has explicit allow, its children inherit allow unless a child has explicit deny. So allowing a parent allows its children.
If a parent has no explicit permission but at least one child has allow, the parent is treated as allow so users can reach that child.

1.6 Deny and role inheritance

Explicit deny wins: if a role is explicitly denied a menu, any role that inherits from it is also denied. Deny is not overridden by inheritance.
Implicit deny (no allow rule) is overridable: a more privileged role can add an explicit allow for that menu.

1.7 Example policy

p, ROLE_ROOT, SystemMenu, read, allow
p, ROLE_ROOT, AdminMenu, read, allow
p, ROLE_ROOT, UserMenu, read, deny
p, ROLE_ADMIN, UserMenu, read, allow
p, ROLE_ADMIN, AdminMenu, read, allow
p, ROLE_ADMIN, AdminSubMenu_deny, read, deny
p, ROLE_USER, UserSubMenu_allow, read, allow

g, user, ROLE_USER
g, admin, ROLE_ADMIN
g, root, ROLE_ROOT
g, ROLE_ADMIN, ROLE_USER

g2, UserSubMenu_allow, UserMenu
g2, UserSubMenu_deny, UserMenu
g2, UserSubSubMenu, UserSubMenu_allow
g2, AdminSubMenu_allow, AdminMenu
g2, AdminSubMenu_deny, AdminMenu
g2, (NULL), SystemMenu

NamaMenu	PERAN_ROOT	PERAN_ADMIN	PERAN_PENGGUNA
SystemMenu	✅	❌	❌
UserMenu	❌	✅	❌
UserSubMenu_allow	❌	✅	✅
UserSubSubMenu	❌	✅	✅
UserSubMenu_deny	❌	✅	❌
AdminMenu	✅	✅	❌
AdminSubMenu_allow	✅	✅	❌
AdminSubMenu_deny	✅	❌	❌

In the jCasbin menu permission example, MenuService provides findAccessibleMenus() (all menus a user can see) and checkMenuAccess() (check one menu). Both use the jCasbin enforcer under the hood.